Шумарски преглед, год. 43 (Печатено издание)
Forest Review, Vol. 43 (Print publication)
Issue Articles
Montenegro forestry sector in transition
Authors: Milosav Anđelić
⇑ DOI:
Bibliography (monograph article)
Abstract:
This paper presents the results we have come to on the basis of five-year’ work in legislative and new organizational structure of the forestry sector in Montenegro. The ultimate goal of this activity is to provide for permanent conservation and improvement of existing areas under forests and forest land as well as their functions within the defined frameworks. The principal prerequisites for this are: implementation of measures of prevention and monitoring of forests, their sustainable multi-functional utilization with substantial and more intense implementation of silvicultural works, conservation and improvement of biological and landscape diversity of forests and their environmental quality.
Keywords: Forestry in transition, permanent conservation and improvement of forests, sustainable multi-functional utilization.
Operating efficiency of timberjack 1210B in transporting soft decidious roundwood
Authors: Milorad Danilović, Zoran Đorđević, Ljupco Nestorovski
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
This article presents the results of a research concerning the operating efficiency of John Timberjack 1210 B forwarder in transporting soft deciduous roundwood following a clear cut conducted by John Deere 1470D ECO III. The evaluation of operating efficiency was based on 70 transport cycles. The wood was transported over the felling site, on the trail and finally by a truck road. This article also presents an analysis of the impact of ruts on the operating efficiency of the forwarder. Rut depth ranged between 17 and 40 cm.On the basis of the results of conducted data recordings, the operating efficiency was evaluated depending on the used harvesting technology.The forwarder achieved greater efficiency in comparison to the efficiency achieved when harvesting was conducted by chainsaws. Average time needed for loading the assortments in the felling site where the harvest was conducted by the John Deere 1470D ECO III harvester is shorter than the time needed for loading the assortments in the felling site where the chainsaws were used. Also, the passage time during loading and the moving time between loading and unloading stations are significantly shorter. Greater efficiency is the result of assortment grouping when the harvester is used and reduced overlapping of assortments. These results are very important for evaluating the usage of modern technologies for forestry utilization in lowland regions of Serbia.
Keywords: forwarder Timberjack 1210 B, harvester John Deere 1470D ECO III, first phase of transport, poplar, efficiency.
Analysis of the ash quantity during beech wood combustion
Authors: Ljupco Nestorovski, Mitko Nacevski, Pande Trajkov, Zdravko Trajanov, Milorad Danilović
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
The subject of investigation in this paper is the ash residue during combustion of the beech wood that is one of the most common forest species in Republic of Macedonia, and one of the most usable as fire wood in the households. The purpose of this investigation was to establish the amount of ash, as one of the biggest problems during energy production with forest biomass. The material for this investigation is collected from two different regions of the State, in order to eliminate or to emphasise the influence of the stand conditions. The results from the investigation show that during the beech wood combustion the wood is producing less ash than wood with bark, and the bark is producing highest amounts of ash.
Keywords: biomass, ash, residue, alternative energy.
Individual area and spatial distribution of sapling
Authors: Ciprian Palaghianu
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
Forest regeneration is a spatial multifaceted process with numerous unknown variables. The individual area or the area potentially available (APA) to an individual plant embodies an idea widely used in population ecology but it has fewer applications in forest research. It was used a Voronoi/ Thiessen tessellation in order to determine the individual area of each sapling. The study was conducted in a naturally regenerated area; using data collected from over seven thousands saplings positioned in a network of permanent rectangular sampling plots. The Voronoi/Thiessen polygons were used to characterize spatial pattern of sapling distribution as well as the competition relations between the individuals. It is obvious that, at least from the mathematically point of view, the Voronoi tessellation represents one of the best solutions to determine neighbouring competitors of a tree. There were studied the correlations between APA values and the main biometrical attributes, height growth and competition indices. Furthermore, it is shown that APA coefficient of variation is a straight-forward indicator with positive results as an indicator of spatial pattern. The statistical significance of this indicator was evaluated by comparing the results with the values of a 95% confidence envelope generated by Monte-Carlo simulations. Two practical software tools were produced using Visual Basic (VORONOI and ARIA VORONOI) in order to simplify the analyses.
Keywords: individual area, area potentially available, Voronoi/Thiessen polygons, spatial pattern, spatial distribution.
Exploring the spatio-temporal dynamics of forest land use/ land cover changes in Ahiran sub watershed of Central India
Authors: Ajay Kumar Singh, Shyam Shanker Singh
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
This study analyzed spatio – temporal changes in forest land use/land cover of Ahiran sub watershed (a part of Hasdeo watershed) situated in Chhattisgarh of Central India. In the present study, Landsat Thematic Maper False Colour Composite images of the year 1999, 2006 and 2009 were interpreted for detecting the changes on forest land use/land cover. The dynamics of changes within forest land use/ land cover categories has been assessed by creating the database of the maps and subsequent analysis under GIS domain. The ground realities of changes and impact of those changes have been verified and ascertained respectively through field observations. The study revealed a total change of dense forest decrease 8.77% and non forest increase 20.9% during the year 1999 – 2009. The changes have mainly taken place in the form of its depletion/degradation of forest land cover and expansion of settlements. It is significant to note that most of the changes (70% out of total change) have occurred in the specified mining areas and among all the types of changes, forest degradation is the highest one. The impact of changes has been severe for the existing agro-ecosystem, as the productivity of agricultural crops has gone down considerably with the passage of time.
Keywords: Ahiran sub watershed, Spatio-temporal changes, Forest land use/land cover, RS & GIS.
Chorology and habitats of some plants in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Aco Teofilovski, Dejan Mandžukovski, Bojan Simovski, Jane Acevski
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
In this article are disclosed chorologycal and habitat data for 17 taxa in the flora of the Republic of Macedonia. Chamaecytisus absinthioides subsp. absinthioides, C. absinthioides subsp. absinthioides var. multiflorus and Solidago virgaurea subsp. minuta are recorded for the first time in the flora of the Republic of Macedonia, while new finding sites are added for: Juniperus sabina, Dianthus diffusus, D. formanekii, D. leucophoeniceus, Cotoneaster mariana, Genista subcapitata var. holosericea, G. subcapitata var. mariovoensis, Vicia pisiformis, Alkanna graeca, Hyssopus officinalis, Morina persica and Knautia longifolia. The presence of Juniperus sabina and Dianthus haematocalyx subsp. pindicola on the Nidže mountain is confirmed and also for the first time concrete data for their finding sites and habitats on this mountain are given. The lowest finding site in the Republic of Macedonia of Abies borisii-regis is recorded.
Keywords: chorology, habitat, flora, dendroflora, taxa, new finding sites
Influence of some factors on the density of forest roads in the skidding with animals
Authors: Zdravko Trajanov, Ljupco Nestorovski, Pande Trajkov
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
In the paper are presented the results from the investigation of the optimal density of forest roads. We know from practice that there isn’t universal solution to open forests and determine the optimal density of forest roads. In this research paper will analyze the density of forest roads in the skidding with animals (horse). Animals skidding as traditional still which occupies an important place in practice in Macedonian forestry. Several factors affect the solution for optimal density of forest roads because it is necessary to analyze the impact of these factors on the final solution. The obtained solutions represent a basis for solving the forest transportation practice.
Keywords: forest, roads, optimal density, animals, skidding
The concept of landscaping the park zone of the arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade
Authors: Vukin, M., Zivanovic, M.
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
The Arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade is a natural monument with representative floristic characteristics, which covers an area of 6.69 ha. It is a unique spatial-environmental unit within the city green space system with outstanding landscape features emphasized by its views towards the central area of the city of Belgrade and other sites of interests. This paper presents a landscape design plan for the extended zone of the Arboretum, which should make a separate compositional and functional unit of this protected natural area. It will be 0.40 ha in size. The concept of landscaping involves construction and establishment of the following gardenlandscape elements and other facilities: an entry area with a system of pathways, a multi-purpose plateau, a sensory garden, pavilions, water area, lawns, perennial gardens, tree groups and alleys.
Keywords: arboretum, park zone, design
Content of exchangeable cations in albic luvisols in Republic of Macedonia under different vegetative cover
Authors: Marjan Andreevski, Dusko Mukaetov
⇑ DOI:
Preliminary communication
Abstract:
Main goal of the examinations presented in this paper is to conduct an in depth analysis of the adsorption complex of albic luvisols in Republic of Macedonia, with a special emphasis on the content of exchangeable cations. On several locations of the country, 23 soil profiles of albic luvisols were excavated; 15 soil profiles under forest vegetation, 4 under grass vegetation and 4 under cultivated crops.
The results derived during the investigations showed that CEC has its highest values in the surface horizon of albic luvisols under forest vegetation (high percentage of organic matter), lower values of CEC are determined in soil profiles under grass vegetation, while the lowest values of this parameter were obtained in cultivated albic luvisols (intensive decomposition of organic matter due to cultivation).
Albic luvisols under forest vegetation have lower values of sum of exchangeable basic cations, higer sum of acid cations (H+ + Al+++) and lower values of base saturation percentage (V%). In all examined soil profiles of albic luvisols predominant cation is calcium, magnesium have smaller quantities while the quantities of potassium and sodium are negligible.
Keywords: albic luvisol, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable basic cationect
Introducing fast growing tree species for agro-forestry practices on agricultural land in Macedonia
Authors: Voislav Todorov, Anela Stavrevska-Panajotova, Sasho Petrovski, Peter Kampen
⇑ DOI:
Preliminary communication
Abstract:
Biomass produced from wood is increasingly used for energy. Currently in Macedonia mainly firewood (wood logs/traditional system) is used for heating. Modern production of wood chips and/or pellets is in limited use. This market is increasing rapidly in the region and EU. Fast growing species offer a good possibility for production of biomass for energy in the region. In Macedonia many agricultural lands are not or marginally used. Some of these lands are not very suitable for agricultural farming, but can be used for fast growing species and biomass production. In 2010 the fast growing species Salix alba var. express was introduced at total of 10 different sites as tree belts in Macedonia. Besides the production of biomass tree belts also fulfil other functions as wind protection, reducing water inundation in wet areas, improvement of micro climate conditions, erosion control of river banks, soil conservation, as well biodiversity or landscaping, serve as flowering plants for honey production. Planting was done in March before the growing season started, with 10.000 stumps/ha and soil preparation with ploughing up to 25-30 cm deep. Species showed a very good growth in the first season with height of 1,5 to over 2 meter, with estimated growth of 3.8 m3 of biomass. In the second year growth resulted in heights up to 4 m and estimated over 70 m3/ha. Farmers showed good interest indicating that fast growing species can be integrated trough agro-forestry practices in their farming systems.
Keywords: biomass, fast growing species, agro-forestry, energy.
Some shade tolerant plants used in landscaping design in Macedonia
Authors: Viktorija Brndevska, Jasminka Rizovska-Atanasovska
⇑ DOI:
Professional paper
Abstract:
The choice of plant species in landscape design is a complex work that depends on many factors. One of them is the plants’ need for light. According to this, there are: heliophytes (sun-loving), shade tolerant and semi-shade tolerant plants. The number of shade tolerant plant species is the smallest. However, there are enough in order to shape a complex, functional and aesthetic landscape, and the need for them is a challenge for creating many varieties and cultivars on a daily basis. Some of the shade tolerant plants are present in our green environments for a very long time, but there are some that are relatively new or have existed in Macedonia, but their usage was small. They are characterized by specific morphological characteristics, which give them a specific role and a special place in the design of green areas.
Keywords: landscape design, shade tolerant plants, varieties, cultivars, specific morphological characteristics
Aesthetic evaluation of forest landscapes within the traning and experimental forest range (TEFR) Yundola, R. Bulgaria
Authors: Galev, E., Sandeva V., Despot K.
⇑ DOI:
Professional paper
Abstract:
The research focuses on understanding the scenic beauty of the landscape in the context of environmental planning, management focused on the forest landscape.Our landscape preferences are thought to be influenced by many factors: age, gender, ethnicity, regionality, recreational activity; some researchers even maintain there is an evolutionary basis behind certain landscape preferences. But of these factors, our dominant culture and history have played major roles in shaping our preferences for landscapes that are natural in character. Aesthetic appreciation of forest parks in the survey is made of the objective characteristics of the existing topography and vegetation. Data are taken from the map or text materials containing information about the terrain. The dominance elements and variable factors of landscapes appear in varying degrees, depending upon the viewing distance. The research automates aesthetic evaluation of forest landscapes using GIS.
Keywords: visual impact, scenic beauty, aesthetic, landscape preferences
Creating a database for the dendrarium using remote sensing and GIS technologies – exampled of experimental forest department “PETROHAN”, R. Bulgaria
Authors: Galev, E., Sandeva, V., Despot, K., Acevski, J., Simovski, B.
⇑ DOI:
Professional paper
Abstract:
Using Remote Sensing and GIS technologies as an aid for creating database for the dendrarium in the Тraining and Experimental Forest Range “Petrohan” is the focus of discussion in the paper. The cardinal study goal is illustrating a concrete instance of applying GIS technology in the landscape architecture survey. This paper describes the methodology of vegetation mapping using traditional methods combined with remote sensing data. Creating graphical and attribute table databases is also useful in the education of students in the University of Forestry in Sofia. Making semester projects in academic discipline “Dendrology” the students have to learn and analyse the features of trees and shrubs. GIS software provides the capability to analyse large data sets containing features of coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs in the dendrarium. On the other hand the purpose of the development of the vegetation mapping methodology is to provide an objective and cost-effective survey method utilising satellite remote sensing for the vegetation mapping. Overall, these results confirm that satellite imagery data coupled with field observations and direct measurements can be used effectively for precise mapping of trees and shrubs.The result of the analysis shows that image objects extracted from satellite data provide a new opportunity to make detailed inventory maps of ornamental vegetation in parks. In such cases, it is imperative that such exploration technologies should be used, which are cost effective and provide greater accuracy. An integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS technologies can just suffice these requirements during exploratory efforts in difficult terrains.
Keywords: satellite image, mapping, vegetation, coniferous, deciduous
The usage of climbing plants in façade greening in today’s urban living with examples of the central urban region of Skopje, R. Macedonia
Authors: Natasa Kanareva, Jasminka Rizovska-Atanasovska
⇑ DOI:
Professional paper
Abstract:
We consider the climber plants that are structural elements of the façade greening. The new trends in the urban greening, such as façade greening, green walls and green roofs that affects buildings and architectural objects, belong to the group of vertical greening. They are important because of their function, firstly an aesthetic one (by covering damaged walls), and the sanitary function, by improving microclimate (oscillation of the temperature and humidity of the air). There are also other effects they have in an urban environment, they give heat, wind, sound and rain protection.
Keywords: climber plants, façade greening, vertical greening, green walls
Some new flower plants used in designing of gardens and balconies in Strumica (R. Macedonia)
Authors: Aleksandra Micevska, Jasminka Rizovska-Atanasovska
⇑ DOI:
Professional paper
Abstract:
Besides other plants, the flower-decorative plants are taking the highest application when greening our gardens and balconies. Their usage is bigger considering their decorative characteristics, such as flowers, leaves or habitus. The most interesting are the flowers with variable colors and dimensions and most important the long duration of flourishing in summer. This work is dealing with annual, and perennial plants that are quite new for making gardens and balconies arrangements.
Keywords: flower plants, gardens, balconies, annual, perennials
The sense of place research approach to forests
Authors: Bojan Rantaša
⇑ DOI:
Professional paper
Abstract:
Gieryn calls for a new approach to analysing place [5]. He encourages researchers to indulge them selves in a more visual approach, one that combines maps, photographs, landscapes, etc. and not being limited to mere significance testing of variables [5]. In the paper I take this challenge to explore what could this new approach to research on sense of place be. I make an analysis of the forest related literature that discusses the sense of place. Most scientists make attempts to predict sense of place, reducing it to e.g. attachments and satisfactions related to forests, in order to develop measurable, manageable concepts for forest planners. Practitioners ask for people’s feelings and try to interpret the geography and the spirit of the place in its complexity. I conclude the paper acknowledging that there is an abundance of approaches to the research on sense of forest place. However, using the words of Lefebvre we still do not have a perfect understanding of the cause and effect in place making [12]. I identify the unique lived experience of people at the centre of sense of place making and invite researchers to make an approach to an understanding of sense of place with reason, senses and feelings.
Keywords: place, forest, sense of place, research, practice, approach.