Шумарски преглед, год. 48, бр. 1
Forest Review, Vol. 48, No. 1
Issue Articles
Forestry sector in Bulgaria before and after the reform in 2011 main considerations and inter-sectorial relations
Authors: Ilko Dobrichov, Nikolay Neykov, Anna Dobrichova
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
After the reform in 2011 the economic base for forestry functioning changed. Sector was split in six autonomous enterprises. They do their businesses like any other enterprise in the private economy. This gave capabilities to enterprises to gain profits as a result of efficient managerial decisions. All these features determine the future improvement of the entire forestry and consequent problems and the need of their solving. Current paper aims to reveal the differences and similarities of the economic base between forest sector before and after the reform in quantitative manner. To generalize the imperfections of the system and to outline the directions for diminishing their negative effect.
Keywords: economic base, forestry sector, reform.
Enlargement of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) range in Bulgaria
Authors: Plamen Mirchev, Georgi Georgiev, Margarita Georgieva, Maria Matova, Gergana Zaemdzhikova
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) was established for the first time in Bulgaria in 1906. From 1951 to 1972, the average attacked area amounted to 5163 ha. Its gradual increase began at the end of the 20th century when the affected area enlarged over five times. The attacks of the pest occurred in the region of its natural range where deciduous forests were replaced by Pinus nigra and P. sylvestris plantations. Since 1999, an expansion of T. pityocampa has been observed in the central part of Bulgaria. The species has extended its range by 46 km into the east with an average of 2.6 km a year along the southern slopes of the Balkan Range and Sredna gora Mt. In recent decades, the negative economic, environmental and social impact of the pine processionary moth has increased in the country. In high population densities, the pest is a serious defoliator in pine plantations. In addition to the direct economic losses, the pest has a hazardous effect due to its potential to cause an allergic and toxic reaction in humans and animals in recreational forests and forest parks. The success of the pest’s spreading into new geographical areas requires favourable climatic conditions and presence of large areas afforested with P. nigra and P. sylvesrtis. Among the biological factors, the egg parasitoids appear to be the most important regulators of the pest number.
Keywords: Thaumetopoea pityocampa, expansion, pest, pine plantations, Bulgaria
Market research and business models for sustainable forest management in Bulgaria
Authors: Tsvetelina Simeonova-Zarkin, Emil Kitchoukov
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
To be competitive and to be able to support sustainable forest management forest enterprises need effective business models to offer certified products. The article analyses the results of marketing research carried out in two important forest regions in Bulgaria. It aims to identify and characterize potential markets for certified wood. The current status of forest certification in the country is presented. Business models are developed to meet the market needs.
Keywords: sustainable development, forest certification, marketing research, economic analysis
Determination of the optimal density of forest roads for skidding by method of minimal cost
Authors: Zdravko Trajanov, Ljupco Nestorovski, Pande Trajkov
⇑ DOI:
Original scientific article
Abstract:
This paper presents the methodology for theoretical determination of the optimal density of skidding roads by method of minimal cost skidding of wood assortments. Whit research is developed a model of skidding with a tractor Ford 5600 in real work in mountainous conditions in the Republic of Macedonia. An analysis is made of all the costs that are made in the phase of skidding and the costs of building and maintaining skidding roads. The optimal density of the road network for skidding is calculated using differential estimations from the total costs for skidding. In this research, a connection is made between the density of the skidding roads and the volume of wood to be used when managing the forests. This paper reviews the impact of already built skidding roads on the environment as a factor that must be considered when choosing the optimal density of skidding roads. In a situation where the horse skidding in the forest practice is gradually abandoned, there is a need of displacement with mechanization for skidding. Hence, the determination of the optimal density of skidding roads Gdp and the optimal distance between skidding roads Rdp represents a useful tool in the designing of skidding roads in practice.
Keywords: skidding roads, optimal density, tractor, minimal cost, forest.